Argemone pinnatisecta (Sacramento Prickly-Poppy)
ARGEMONE PLEIACANTHA GREENE SSP. PINNATISECTA G.B. OWNBEY; ARGEMONE PLEIACANTHA GREENE VAR. PINNATISECTA (G.B. OWNBEY) SHINNERS
| USFWS | State of NM | USFS | BLM | Navajo Nation | State Rank | Global Rank | NMRPTC Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LE | E | SEN | S2 | G4G5T2 | R |
| Overall Conservation Status | Documented Threats | Actions Needed |
|---|---|---|
| WEAKLY CONSERVED | Livestock ranching/farming, climate change/drought |
monitoring of threat impacts, seed banking |
Robust, herbaceous perennial, with 3-12 branching stems, 0.5-1.5 m tall; leaves blue-green, 10-15 cm long, divided, the sinuses broad and square, margins, midribs, and veins armored with stout yellow spines; stem and leaf latex white; flowers large and showy; sepals 2-3, caducous, prickly, each with a subterminal horn; petals 6, white, 3-4 cm long, 8-9 cm wide; stamens numerous, anthers yellow; capsule with many fine spines, none branched; seeds round, black, 2.5 mm in diameter. Flowers May to August.
Argemone pleiacantha, which is common, has less deeply divided leaves, denser capsule spines branched at the base, and yellow-orange stem latex.
New Mexico, Otero County, in 10 canyons on the western slope of the Sacramento Mountains from Fresnal Canyon on the north to Escondido Canyon on the south.
Loose, gravelly soils of open disturbed sites; canyon bottoms and slopes, and sometimes along roadsides; 1,300-2,200 m (4,200-7,100 ft).
The number of plants was about 1,300 in the late 1980s, but appears to have declined in recent years. The reasons are unknown; it is speculated plant establishment is very episodic. This rare species appears to be secondary successional. Individual plants are necessary to maintain seed production but disturbance within the habitat may not adversely affect the population in the long run.
Activities like highway maintenance or pipeline construction could destroy some plants, but may also create suitable habitat.
This plant is being grown at the Rio Grande Botanic Garden in Albuquerque for display, public education, research, and conservation of the wild populations.
*New Mexico Native Plants Protection Advisory Committee. 1984. A handbook of rare and endemic plants of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
*Ownbey, G.B. 1958. The genus Argemone for North America and the West Indies. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 21:1-159.
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Sacramento prickly poppy (Argemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta) recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Mexico Ecological Services Field Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
*Cervantes, S.D., P. Tonne, R. Govindarajulu, P.J. Alexander and C.D. Bailey. 2010. Population genetic analysis of Argemone pleiacantha subsp. pinnatisecta (Sacramento prickly poppy, Papaveraceae) and re-evaluation of its taxonomic status. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 4(1):261-269.
Shinners, L.H. 1958. New varietal names in Argemone (Papaveraceae). Southwestern Naturalist 3:213-214.
For distribution maps and more information, visit Natural Heritage New Mexico
